# Creating a Pipeline from Scratch
## Introduction
This tutorial shows you how to start a new pipeline from scratch
* [prepare linux tool + validation inputs](#preparation)
* [wrap in Nextflow](#wrapping-in-nextflow)
* [wrap the pipeline in Bench](#wrap-the-pipeline-in-bench)
* [deploy pipeline as an ICA Flow pipeline](#deploy-as-a-flow-pipeline)
* [launch Flow validation test from Bench](#run-validation-test-in-flow)
***
## Preparation
Start Bench workspace
* For this tutorial, any **instance size** will work, even the smallest *standard-small.*
* Select the **single user workspace** permissions (aka "Access limited to workspace owner "), which allows us to deploy pipelines.
* A small amount of **disk space** (10GB) will be enough.
We are going to wrap the "gzip" linux compression tool with inputs:
* 1 file
* compression level: integer between 1 and 9
{% hint style="info" %}
We intentionally do not include sanity checks, to keep this scenario simple.
{% endhint %}
#### Creation of test file:
```
mkdir demo_gzip
cd demo_gzip
echo test > test_input.txt
```
***
## Wrapping in Nextflow
Here is an example of NextFlow code that wraps the bzip2 command and publishes the final output in the “out” folder:
```
mkdir nextflow-src
# Create nextflow-src/main.nf using contents below
vi nextflow-src/main.nf
```
#### nextflow-src/main.nf
```
nextflow.enable.dsl=2
process COMPRESS {
input:
path input_file
val compression_level
output:
path "${input_file.simpleName}.gz" // .simpleName keeps just the filename
publishDir 'out', mode: 'symlink'
script:
"""
gzip -c -${compression_level} ${input_file} > ${input_file.simpleName}.gz
"""
}
workflow {
input_path = file(params.input_file)
gzip_out = COMPRESS(input_path, params.compression_level)
}
```
Save this file as nextflow-src/main.nf, and check that it works:
```
nextflow run nextflow-src/ --input_file test_input.txt --compression_level 5
```
#### Result
***
## Wrap the Pipeline in Bench
We now need to:
* Use Docker
* Follow some nf-core best practices to make our source+test compatible with the pipeline-dev tools
### **Using Docker:**
In NextFlow, Docker images can be specified at the *process* level
* Each **process** may use a **different docker image**
* It is highly recommended to **always specify an image**. If no Docker image is specified, Nextflow will report this. In ICA, a basic image will be used but with no guarantee that the necessary tools are available.
**Specifying the Docker image** is done with the `container ''` directive, which can be specified
* at the start of each process definition
* or in nextflow config files (preferred when following nf-core guidelines)
For example, create ***nextflow-src/nextflow\.config***:
```
process.container = 'ubuntu:latest'
```
We can now run with nextflow's `-with-docker` option:
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```
nextflow run nextflow-src/ --input_file test_input.txt --compression_level 5 -with-docker
```
{% endcode %}
Following some nf-core [best practices ](https://nf-co.re/docs/usage/getting_started/configuration)to make our source+test compatible with the pipeline-dev tools:
### Create NextFlow “test” profile
Here is an example of “test” profile that can be added to `nextflow-src/nextflow.config` to define some input values appropriate for a validation run:
#### nextflow-src/nextflow\.config
```
process.container = 'ubuntu:latest'
profiles {
test {
params {
input_file = 'test_input.txt'
compression_level = 5
}
}
}
```
With this profile defined, we can now run the same test as before with this command:
```
nextflow run nextflow-src/ -profile test -with-docker
```
### Create NextFlow “docker” profile
A “docker” profile is also present in all nf-core pipelines. Our pipeline-dev tools will make use of it, so let’s define it:
#### nextflow-src/nextflow\.config
```
process.container = 'ubuntu:latest'
profiles {
test {
params {
input_file = 'test_input.txt'
compression_level = 5
}
}
docker {
docker.enabled = true
}
}
```
We can now run the same test as before with this command:
```
nextflow run nextflow-src/ -profile test,docker
```
We also have enough structure in place to start using the pipeline-dev command:
```
pipeline-dev run-in-bench
```
In order to deploy our pipeline to ICA, we need to generate the user interface input form.
This is done by using nf-core's recommended `nextflow_schema.json.`
For our simple example, we generate a minimal one by hand (done by using one of the nf-core pipelines as example):
#### nextflow-src/nextflow\_schema.json
```
{
"$defs": {
"input_output_options": {
"title": "Input/output options",
"properties": {
"input_file": {
"description": "Input file to compress",
"help_text": "The file that will get compressed",
"type": "string",
"format": "file-path"
},
"compression_level": {
"type": "integer",
"description": "Compression level to use (1-9)",
"default": 5,
"minimum": 1,
"maximum": 9
}
}
}
}
}
```
In the next step, this gets converted to the `ica-flow-config/inputForm.json` file.
{% hint style="info" %}
Note: For large pipelines, as described on the nf-core [website](https://nf-co.re/docs/nf-core-tools/pipelines/schema)
> Manually building JSONSchema documents is not trivial and can be very error prone. Instead, the nf-core pipelines schema build command collects your pipeline parameters and gives interactive prompts about any missing or unexpected params. If no existing schema is found it will create one for you.
We recommend looking into "*nf-core pipelines schema build -d nextflow-src/"*, which comes with a web builder to add descriptions etc.
{% endhint %}
***
## Deploy as a Flow Pipeline
We just need to create a final file, which we had skipped until now: Our **project description file**, which can be created via the command `pipeline-dev project-info --init`:
#### pipeline-dev.project\_info
```
$ pipeline-dev project-info --init
pipeline-dev.project-info not found. Let's create it with 2 questions:
Please enter your project name: demo_gzip
Please enter a project description: Bench gzip demo
```
We can now run:
```
pipeline-dev deploy-as-flow-pipeline
```
After generating the ICA-Flow-specific files in the `ica-flow-config` folder (JSON input specs for Flow launch UI + list of inputs for next step's validation launch), the tool identifies which previous versions of the same pipeline have already been deployed (in ICA Flow, pipeline versioning is done by including the version number in the pipeline name).
It then asks if we want to update the latest version or create a new one.
**Choose "3"** and enter a name of your choice to avoid conflicts with all the others users following this same tutorial.
At the end, the URL of the pipeline is displayed. If you are using a terminal that supports it, Ctrl+click or middle-click can open this URL in your browser.
***
## Run Validation Test in Flow
```
pipeline-dev launch-validation-in-flow
```
This **launches** **an** **analysis** in ICA Flow, using the same inputs as the pipeline's "test" profile.
Some of the input files will have been copied to your ICA project in order for the analysis launch to work. They are stored in the folder `/data/project/bench-pipeline-dev/temp-data`.
#### Result
```
/data/demo $ pipeline-dev launch-validation-in-flow
pipelineld: 331f209d-2a72-48cd-aa69-070142f57f73
Getting Analysis Storage Id
Launching as ICA Flow Analysis...
ICA Analysis created:
- Name: Test demo_gzip
- Id: 17106efc-7884-4121-a66d-b551a782b620
- Url: https://stage.v2.stratus.illumina.com/ica/projects/1873043/analyses/17106efc-7884-4121-a66d-b551a782620
```
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